最近俄罗斯可把我害苦了啊。。。。

前两天看到一篇文章记载的是亲斯拉夫派和亲欧派对俄罗斯历史还有未来发展的争论，就顺便搬过来咯

Imperial Russia, 1815-1917

Position Paper on

 

Slavophils and Westerners

by:   Sasha Minton

The Slavophiles and Westerners were both small groups of intellectuals in mid- nineteenth century Russia who debated over the history of Russia and Russia's relation to Western Europe. The two groups had diametrically opposed visions of utopian futures for Russia. Since the Slavophiles and Westerners had no concrete and attainable goals the debates between them were more intellectual than political. Perhaps their lack of political ideology also had to do with the social and political conditions in Russia during Nicholas I抯 reign.

A Debate Between a Slavophile and a Westerner

Slavophile: Medieval Russian society was fundamentally different from Western European medieval society. Russian medieval society consisted of small peasant communes that were founded on collective land tenure. The community was a social organism whose members shared common traditions and values. Through the Orthodox Church individual communes merged into larger units functioning according to the same principles. Russia during this time was united by faith and custom.

Westerner: Yes, Medieval Russian society was fundamentally different from Western European medieval society. While Russia was stagnating in irrational traditions Western Europe with its idea of chivalry was on its way toward realizing the value and rights of the individual.

Slavophile: Individualism leads to the disintegration of society. It only promotes selfishness and leads to isolation. The individual must be in complete harmony with the community and ready to resign his autonomy in favor of the faith and traditions uniting it. The social bonds preserved in the peasant commune were destroyed with the reign of Peter the Great. With his reforms he divided the people and attempted to strip Russia of its national character by aping Western European customs and institutions. We must appreciate the unique and superior nature of Russian culture. We must return to the people and their traditions.

Westerner: The common people are irrational in their traditions and superstitions. Only through the transformation of the people into a nation where the rights and freedom of the individual who employs reason are respected can Russia achieve anything. Progress can only occur through the rationalization of social relations. As Granovsky, the renowned historian of Moscow University, states, "The goal of history is the moral, enlightened individual, emancipated from fatalistic determining factors, and a society founded on his postulates". As for Peter the Great, he was a necessary and undeniable first step toward Russia's development as a nation.

Slavophile: Is history made only by "enlightened individuals"? Is history only a collection of biographies, what about the majority of the Russian people? Do they not play a role, in fact the primary role, in the history of their country? As for Peter the Great, he is a traitor to Russia, its faith, and its people! Russian greatness is to be founded not on material power but on moral principles preserved in village communes and the Orthodox Church.

Westerner: In the words of Belinsky: "Russia sees her salvation not in mysticism, or aestheticism, or piety, but in the achievements of education, civilisation, and human culture. She has no need of sermons (she has heard too many), nor of prayers (she has mumbled them too often), but of the awakening in the people of a feeling of human dignity, lost for so many ages in mud and filth. It needs laws and rights in accordance not with the teachings of the church, but with those of common sense and justice".

然后我忽然想起来美国众议院开会时候吵架的场景，还有日本内阁开会时候居然因为意见不合而打起来的镜头，哈哈哈，有意思。看看中国的什么第X届全国XXXX大会，就只有一堆明明没有几根毛还用油刷得锃亮，明明都七老八十还染了一头黑发的无聊人士~切~受不了啊啊~